X-Marks (Indigenous Americas)

by Scott Richard Lyons (Ojibwe/Dakota)

Magazine (paper), 2010

LCC

E98 E85 L96 2010

Description

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, North American Indian leaders commonly signed treaties with the European powers and the American and Canadian governments with an X, signifying their presence and assent to the terms. These x-marks indicated coercion (because the treaties were made under unfair conditions), resistance (because they were often met with protest), and acquiescence (to both a European modernity and the end of a particular moment of Indian history and identity). In X-Marks, Scott Richard Lyons explores the complexity of contemp

Publication

Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press (2010)

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