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The author of the Tin Drum takes on the worst maritime disaster in history, the sinking of a German cruise ship packed with refugees by a Soviet sub, a disaster that killed nine thousand people. Gunter Grass has been wrestling with Germany's past for decades now, but no book since The Tin Drum has generated as much excitement as this engrossing account of the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff. A German cruise ship turned refugee carrier, it was attacked by a Soviet submarine in January 1945. Some 9,000 people went down in the Baltic Sea, making it the deadliest maritime disaster of all time. Born to an unwed mother on a lifeboat the night of the attack, Paul Pokriefke is a middle-aged journalist trying to piece together the tragic events. While his mother sees her whole existence in terms of that calamitous moment, Paul wishes their life could have been less touched by the past. For his teenage son, who dabbles in the dark, far-right corners of the Internet, the Gustloff embodies the denial of Germany's wartime suffering. "Scuttling backward to move forward," Crabwalk is at once a captivating tale of a tragedy at sea and a fearless examination of the ways different generations of Germans now view their past. Winner of the Nobel Prize.… (more)
Media reviews
Erzählt wird die Geschichte von Paul Pokriefke, einem Journalisten, der das Kind einer Frau ist, die den Untergang der Wilhelm Gustloff überlebt hat. Der Roman verwebt drei Erzählstränge miteinander: die historischen Ereignisse rund um den Untergang des Schiffes, die persönlichen Erfahrungen von Pauls Mutter und Pauls eigenes Leben und seine Überlegungen in der Gegenwart.
Die Wilhelm Gustloff war ein deutsches Flüchtlingsschiff mit Zivilisten, Militärangehörigen und verwundeten Soldaten an Bord, als es im Januar 1945 von einem sowjetischen U-Boot torpediert wurde. Der Untergang führte zu einer der tödlichsten Schiffskatastrophen der Geschichte, die Tausende von Menschenleben kostete.
Grass erforscht die komplexen und oft kontroversen Aspekte der deutschen Geschichte, der Erinnerung und der Schuld. Der Roman befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des Krieges auf Individuen und Generationen und untersucht die Schwierigkeiten, sich mit der Vergangenheit auseinanderzusetzen und sie zu bewältigen.
"Im Krebsgang" wirft Fragen nach der Verantwortung nachfolgender Generationen für die Taten ihrer Vorgänger und nach den Herausforderungen des Verstehens und Gedenkens historischer Tragödien auf. Der Nobelpreisträger Günter Grass bringt seinen unverwechselbaren Stil und seine erzählerische Komplexität in dieses Werk ein, das einen Beitrag zum anhaltenden Dialog über die deutsche Kriegsvergangenheit und das Erbe der NS-Zeit leistet.
User reviews
First and foremost, it is a book about how the Germans grapple with recent history. The book presents us with three generations of the family displaced by the Second World War and scattered through East and West Germany. Every member of the family represents different political views and different attitude towards the past. They represent views and attitudes ranging from Stalinist to Neo-Nazi, liberal and socialist.
Through them the important questions of guilt and atonement, martyrdom and heroism, and how they depend on one’s beliefs (recently tackled by another book I read, _The Tiger Claw_, must be a trend after 9/11), meaning of history and the importance of talking about difficult topics is stressed.
On another level, it is a book about the biggest single maritime disaster that wasn’t in history books for a long time, and about which almost nothing has been written. The Germans kept the tragedy hidden, because it was not good for morale at the end of the war when everything was going bad for them. The Russians, who sank the ship, had nothing to boast about, because they sank the ship that looked like a troop carrier, but at the time was carrying almost exclusively women and children fleeing from the war. Not to mention that in East Germany the new political “friends” couldn’t be responsible for such a hideous act, so it wasn’t even mentioned there.
On still another level, the book can be viewed as a story about fathers and sons, and the importance of a father figure, his acceptance and his interest.
It was very interesting. I also liked the narration which was in a “crabwalk” fashion, scuttling back and forth, and sideways.
The story
I still think that the writing looked mechanical and journalistic, even though the events narrated were charged and were of a personal nature.
The book is a fictional recreation of the events of the Second World War’s worst
The story is ‘polyphonic’ in the sense that Milan Kundera writes about in ‘The art of the novel’ inasmuch as there are three parallel stories:
- the murder of the German leader of the Nazi Party branch in Switzerland, Wilhelm Gustloff, by a Jew, David Frankfurter who is gaoled and then goes to Israel after the war;
- the story of a cruise ship launched in 1936 months after Gustloff and named after him until its sinking in 1945; and
- the story of the narrator’s mother, a passenger on the fatal last voyage of the Wilhelm Gustloff, and who gave birth to her son on a rescue boat on the night of the sinking. Also in this story is the narrator’s son from his broken marriage who becomes a neo-Nazi.
The characters in the first two existed, but have had their story embellished in the telling; those in the third are entirely fictional and represent a allegory for the post-war journey of the German people – the Mother who can never forget the sinking, hates the Russians, but becomes a willing Stalinist in eastern Germany; her son, who fled to the West and becomes a liberal and a disappointment to his mother (not because of his fleeing to the West, in that she helped him; but because of his failure to share her obsession and write its story; and the grandson, who resents the weakness of his father and becomes the zealot who not only tells the story via internet hate pages, but also reprises the story of the original murder.
The stories weave together probably in the only way they could – in the way of the ‘crabwalk’, the title of the book. This is how Grass describes the ‘crabwalk’:
“But I’m still not sure how to go about (the telling of the story); should I do as I was taught and unpack one life at a time, in order, or do I have to sneak up on time in a crabwalk, seeming to go backward but actually scuttling sideways, and thereby working my way forward fairly rapidly?”
Which is all to say that the events of the three stories are interwoven throughout the story in backwards, forwards and sideways motions.
The story is interesting enough, though I think the section in the third quarter of the book which deals mainly with the ship’s fateful voyage is somewhat belaboured. There is also an interesting exploration of the inherent capacity of human beings to be contradictory rather than coherent – the mother who despises the Russians but cries at Stalin’s death, the liberal journalist son who never adequately explains the length of time he worked for the feral conservative Springer newspaper group, the neo-Nazi grandson who hates Jews and praises Israel and is accused by skin-heads of being a ‘Russian lover’ – all these are conveyed quite effectively by way of filling out the picture of the complex German psyche in the post-war period and, in doing so, the complexity of the human psyche generally. On the back cover, Sarah Schaeffer of the New Statesman is quoted:
“Grass could scarcely be delving deeper into the German soul and challenging its demons to do their worst”
while Tom Rosenthal, of the Daily Mail, writes that the book is for anyone ‘who wants to understand that great but deeply flawed country’.
But it is not a moving book. I didn’t finish it feeling any particular empathy for the main protagonists. And the detailing of the horrible events of the sinking, which contain many facts (real events from actual reports) are contained with a sense of dispassion while at the same time reported as having (understandably) traumatized the mother:
“But even worse, Mother said, was the fate of the children: ‘They all skidded off the ship the wrong way round, headfirst. So there they was, floating in them bulky life jackets, their little legs poking up in the air …’”
This is a deeply disturbing image but somehow its power gets lost in the subsequent continuation of the psycho-emotional complexities of mother and son divided by a chasm of history.
I give the book three out of five – worth reading if you have left the book you really want to read behind.
While I've read a number of books about the experiences of Jewish citizens in Germany during World War II, I have read little from the perspective of those who who were loyal to Hitler. Especially interesting is the way that their descendents view and reconstruct that period of history. This is a slim book, but the layers of meaning gave me much to think about.
I found Crabwalk to be very compelling. Grass explores the dangers of an obsession with one's identity and history, especially in combination with
Tulla Pokriefke, a survivor of the Gustloff sinking, and her grandson Konrad are desperate for some official acknowledgment of the tragedy, but the memorial to Gustloff the man was torn down decades ago. Tulla can't stop reliving the events, and her stories become a sort of poison for her grandson.
Crabwalk raises a lot of interesting questions, particularly in light of the debates in Germany over war and holocaust memorials. Would a monument to the Gustloff have brought peace to Tulla? Would it have prevented her son from running away from his mother and her history? Would it have prevented her grandson from falling into a dangerous obsession?
The author captures the plaintive tone of the protagonist in this first-person narrative which is draining but rewarding. The narrator recounts the history of his family in particular the
Spoken narrator comments: Mature male, United States English accent. Pronounces German words well. Cadences sound like a German speaker (strong stress is realistic but sometimes sounds like a speech synthesizer in English).
Translation gripe: I don't know the German cognate of "leftist".
(SPOILERish)
A quote I liked went something like "if we use few words, we will get to the end sooner" which succeeded the narrator's comments that thoughts and motivations are locked up in other's head's, inaccessible to us (towards the end of the work). I didn't write it down :/ Does anyone know the exact quote? If the German source is quotable, a quote in German would suffice.