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Flannery O'Connor's astonishing and haunting first novel is a classic of twentieth-century literature. It is the story of Hazel Motes, a twenty-two-year-old caught in an unending struggle against his innate, desperate faith. He falls under the spell of a "blind" street preacher named Asa Hawks and his degenerate fifteen-year-old daughter. In an ironic, malicious gesture of his own non-faith, and to prove himself a greater cynic than Hawks, Hazel founds The Church of God Without Christ but is still thwarted in his efforts to lose God. He meets Enoch Emery, a young man with "wise blood," who leads him to a mummified holy child and whose crazy maneuvers are a manifestation of Hazel's existential struggles. This tale of redemption, retribution, false prophets, blindness, and wisdom gives us one of the most riveting characters in American fiction.… (more)
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Southern gothic! Grotesques! Sinister stuff! Flannery O'Connor! D I S T U R B I N G….yet comic. In so many ways, [Wise Blood] is a hoot, even though its author has a serious intent.
As the novel begins, the main character, Hazel Motes, takes a train to Taulkinham in
Okay, okay!! Just stop a minute. Say that name again. Hazel…Motes. Yes, Hazel is a man, and yes, that's a little weird, but think about that name Motes. Motes. What comes to my mind is the Biblical injunction about a mote in the eye. The novel's author, Flannery O'Connor, is renown for her biblical themes. So I googled "a mote in the eye" and with little effort ended up at Matthew 7:3-5, which in the King James Bible reads:
3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?
4 Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye?
5 Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye.
Hmmm, is this guy Motes a hypocrite? Does he have impaired vision? Note that by page 3, O'Connor is calling him "Haze," perhaps another indication he doesn't see clearly.
Now where were we? Oh, yeah, on the train with Haze. He's withdrawn and taciturn. Wearing a "glaring blue" suit, the price tag still stapled to a sleeve, and holding a black, wide-brimmed hat, it strikes many observers that he's a preacher. (He denies it.) When a fellow passenger tries to start a conversation, he says to her, "I reckon you think you been redeemed." When she doesn't respond, he repeats, "I reckon you think you been redeemed." A short time later, he's seated in the dining car with a different passenger, to whom he says, "If you've been redeemed, I wouldn't want to be." She laughs, and he asks, "Do you think I believe in Jesus? Well, I wouldn't even if He existed. Even if He was on this train."
Later, sleeping in his berth, he dreams about his grandfather, who was a preacher, a circuit preacher traveling around three Tennessee counties and using his car as a pulpit from which to harangue passers-by. From his grandfather, Haze inherited "a strong confidence in his power to resist evil." He had decided early in his life that he didn't need Jesus; it was "a deep black wordless conviction in him that the way to avoid Jesus was to avoid sin."
Nevertheless, Motes has redemption, Jesus, and preaching weighing on his mind, one way or another. Clearly, it's a focus of this novel. So too is faulty conviction and faulty vision. During his dream, O'Connor tells us that "…the Bible was the only book he read. He didn't read it often but when he did he wore his mother's glasses. They tired his eyes so that after a short time he was always obliged to stop." And as the story progresses, we see how stubborn (and wrong) he is.
Once he gets to Taulkinham, he finds the name and address of a prostitute in the railroad station bathroom, rides to her place in a taxi whose driver insists Motes IS a preacher ("It's a look in your face somewheres"), and is welcomed into her bed ("That's okay, son. Momma don't mind if you ain't a preacher"). The next day Motes walks the streets of Taulkinham where he's ensnared by a teen named Enoch Emery and by a blind man rattling a tin cup while his young female companion distributes leaflets. The former sticks to Haze like a burr. He's new to the town himself, has no friends (though he does have a job as a guard at the city zoo), and thinks everyone in the town looks like "all they want to do is knock you down." The latter asks why Haze is following him, and as he and the girl amble away, he needles and goads him. "I can smell the sin on your breath." And: "I can hear the urge for Jesus in {your} voice." And: "Listen boy, you can't run away from Jesus. Jesus is a fact." And: "Some preacher has left his mark on you. Did you follow for me to take it off or give you another one?"
Asa Hawk is this preacher's name; the girl is, he asserts, his daughter, named Sabbath Lily Hawk. (I like the idea of a blind man being a Hawk; hawks have remark vision.) Haze is very curious about him, as well as about his peculiar "daughter." Before long, Haze has moved into their boarding house, and every day, he knocks at their door but is turned away. Sabbath Lily confides to Asa that she is drawn to Haze's eyes. "I like his eyes…They don't look like they see what he's looking at but they keep on looking."
About this time, Haze buys a derelict rat-colored Essex automobile, and he uses it as a pulpit—just like his grandfather—to preach about the Church without Christ. The first time Enoch sees him preaching from atop the Essex, he hears Haze shout: "The Church Without Christ don't have a jesus but it needs one! It needs a new jesus! It needs one that's all man, without blood to waste, and it needs one that don't look like any other man so you'll look at him. Give me such a jesus, you people." Enoch has a "Eureka moment." He knows where this figure is! He knows it is "the new jesus." He can feel it in his blood because Enoch knows he is blessed with "wise blood." It drives his life, telling him when to act and when to wait. And his blood is surging, driving him to act.
Haze preaches every evening, parking his car right outside a movie theater, so he can address young and old as they emerge from the show. One evening he has a disciple, a heavy-set fellow who expects to pump up the crowd and, in the bargain, collect some donations.The disciple identifies himself as Onnie Jay Holy, but soon acknowledges his name really is Hoover Shoats (need I point out that a shoat is a young pig). When Haze chases him away, he turns up the next night, standing on the sidewalk next to a duplicate of Haze's Essex complete with a Haze doppelganger standing on the hood.
Still ahead is GONGA! Giant Jungle Monarch, the shrunken man-doll from the zoo museum, a landlady in love, quick-lime, a barbed-wire chest-wrap, the acceptance of redemption, and the end of the novel. But if you are at all like me, it will live on in your head, challenging you to sort it all out.
This is a unique work of "low comedy and high seriousness", where a feeling
The characters in O'Connor's book behave so unpredictably and oddly, even though
One of the funniest things about the book is the way the characters relate to religion/Christianity. Nobody seems to know anything about it, yet it what it really says about the whole thing is cleverly done I think.
Now I gotta track down eveything else Ms O'Connor wrote (which isn't much - she died when she was only 39).
Supposedly this is all alleghory/symbolism/whatever. That seems likely,
My copy (from the library) had some highlights and some pretty funny notes in the margins (OH NO...hisself; he's a CON artist; WHY?!). Those comments made this read a little funny for me--whoever that person was, he/she saw things differently than I did.
But beyond this central theme, the book has nothing in the way of overall meaning or a lesson or even a glimmer of hope you're going to be disappointed. O'Connor's minimalist style works well with this deficiency of meaning; however, if I could find one fault with O'Connor's writing, it's that there's just too much. There's a ton of great scenes and interesting characters, but it almost seems as if O'Connor jammed as many "cool ideas" as she could into the book with little thought to how they all fit together. It made the book seem somewhat disjointed, but I suppose that's part of the "meaningless" charm of the whole thing.
The novel is darkly comic. In fact, I found myself laughing out loud as I read certain parts. But it's also tragic--not in the classic tragedy sense (high brought low by their own inevitable flaws), but more in the senselessness of it all. The characters act in incomprehensible ways at times, but it is because they are continually bound by the specter of Christ looming over them.
Wise Blood is not a novel to be read lightly. If it's casual reading you're looking for, you should keep looking. Typical readers, I feel, would be frustrated with this story. But if you're a fan of "serious" literature or want to delve more into Post Modernism, I would urge you to seriously consider anything by Flannery O'Connor. Her body of work isn't extensive, but very few do it as well as she does.
Story and theme aside, there is something about her style that is very addicting. I found myself speeding through this book in two days. Her prose has a no-nonsense directness that is amplified by the occasional (cunningly apt) metaphor, and by her darkly human
Much is made about the author's religious views, but in O'Connor's uniquely questing artistry, what comes to the fore is not doctrine, but rather the tangled root of her beliefs, which really reflect a universal problem of seeking meaning.
Our protagonist is Haze Motes (a name which I learned references a Biblical passage regarding judgement - "do not remove the mote from your neighbor's eye without first removing your own"). This allusion to eyes is part of the central concern of the book, that of vision (and blindness). Haze's eyes are described like a sacred mystery by the young girl who is fascinated by him, eyes that "don't look like they see what he's looking at but they keep on looking." Haze is constantly looking, but rarely and reluctantly at the external world.
What he is looking for is a truth that the Church no longer provides him. A derelict veteran, he finds a calling to become a vocal anti-theist, even while his conflicts and behavior show him to have an indelibly "religious" persona in spite of his denouncements - a backwards nihilist monk, committed to his own special mission. He becomes an anti-preacher, trying to open people's eyes to the needlessness of their moral suffering, yet really projecting his own sense of being lost. He is reactive and materially indifferent. And he occupies his own world, inwardly focused on his concerns for redemption and truth. Other characters try to penetrate this world, to see what is behind those eyes, attracted to his suffering. The last quarter of the book brings the author's ideas together beautifully in a suddenly tightened knot that left me feeling a touch breathless.
Flannery O'Connor is brilliant at layering symbolism and exploring an idea from seemingly casual, tangential angles. Her depth catches you suddenly and off-guard, like suddenly realizing you've tread too far from the shore. I am looking forward very much to exploring her work more.
Hazel Motes is a young
Motes buys a used "rat-colored car", and becomes a street preacher for his new church, The Church Without Christ, proselytizing while standing on the hood of his car: "I believe in a new kind of jesus...one that can't waste his blood redeeming people with it, because he's all man and ain't got any God in him. My church is the Church Without Christ!"
He meets Enoch Emery, an unstable teenager abandoned by his father, who is unduly influenced by Motes, a miniaturized mummy in a museum, and a gorilla that is a movie star. Other key characters are Asa Hawks, a blind evangenical preacher who is neither blind nor a man of God; his illegitimate 15 year old daughter Sabbath, who is just as immoral as her father; and Hoover Shoats, a huckster masquerading as an evangelical preacher who tries to form an alliance with Motes, and when he is rebuffed, forms a rival "church", The Holy Church of Christ Without Christ, going so far as to hire a "twin" that looks and dresses exactly like Motes.
The novel is bizarre at the beginning, and only becomes more so as the plots develop. Heroes? There are none, nor any victims. Moral to the story? You won't find it here (at least I didn't). Who is the "new jesus", Motes or Enoch...or nobody?
It is a testament to O'Connor's skill as a writer that these thoroughly dislikable characters and this unlikely plot combine to form a fantastic novel, which I couldn't put down.
While I appreciate all the symbolism and the various interpretations of the reasons behind Flannery O'Conner's decision to write this novel I couldn't shrug
I appreciate that I am most likely in the minority with this opinion, and it was by no means a difficult read. Not a page turner but enough of a hint of intrigue to keep you reading, even if it was only in the blind hope that the point of the story would somewhere appear. However, all in all, it just wasn't a hit with me.
I’ve often thought that “classic” novels should be read for the beauty of their prose–the plot is often irrelevant. For example, you can read any
Here are some of the things I loved about this book:
1. The worldview is thoroughly Christian without being trite.
2. The characters suffer from various mental problems, which make them real.
3. The elements of the plot are often bizarre, yet are perfectly suitable for the story.
4. The symbolism is deep and is woven throughout the entire story.
It’s sad that O’Connor only wrote two novels. I would love to hear from anyone who has read her novels and could recommend another novelist I would enjoy reading. For now, I’m going to pick up her short stories.
The charcaters are not likeable
It’s intriguing that O’Connor, a Catholic, wrote a book in which the central character argues vehemently for a rejection of the Christian faith.
This is not a particular shortcoming of the novel, however– I imagine that if one had not been exposed to the works of Kierkegaard, Camus, Sartre, et al (and particularly such protagonists as Meursault in Camus' l'Étranger or Holden Caulfield in Salinger's Catcher in the Rye) that this quasi-existential religious probing of a novel might indeed draw intellectual first blood from the virgin mind. Hazel Motes is like any of us– engaging in a daily internal discourse in which the counterweights of what "ought" to be and what actually IS are diametrically opposed– as much a recapitulation of Hume's Is-Ought Problem as it is of any Kierkegaardian or other proto-Sartrean ideas. Hazel Motes is struggling to reconcile a world where he has been taught things should be one way, but all the senses, all tactile human experience he has collected have indicated everything to the contrary. Perhaps Wise Blood can be regarded as a study in cognitive dissonance.
Wise Blood is a good book. Flannery O'Connor has such good style. She is one of the great masters of both dialect & local color. Wise Blood is genuinely funny in several passages, which alone makes it a gem: it is a wonderful feeling to laugh out loud, in earnest, at the written word. The book is, as many have said, darkly comic. The work does amble in certain of passages involving Enoch Emery, but is otherwise a sparse, sparing, and efficient novel, worth a read to all, and in particular to those who hold in high regard the salient works of Faulkner, Camus, or Salinger.